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污水處理設備使用的活性污泥應該怎么培養呢1、直接培菌(jun)法 它是利(li)用污水中原(yuan)有的少(shao)量微(wei)生物, 逐步繁殖的培(pei)(pei)養(yang)過(guo)程。城市(shi)污水和⼀些營養(yang)成(cheng)份較全、毒性小的工(gong)業廢(fei)水,如食品廠(chang)、肉(rou)類加工(gong)廠(chang)等,可以(yi)考慮這種培(pei)(pei)養(yang)方法,但培(pei)(pei)養(yang)時間相(xiang)對(dui)較長。自然培(pei)(pei)菌又(you)可分為間歇培(pei)(pei)菌和連續培(pei)(pei)菌⼆種。 間(jian)(jian)歇培菌是在曝氣(qi)池內(nei)充(chong)入廢水,進(jin)行曝氣(qi),幾天后停止曝氣(qi),使其沉淀1-2小時,然后排出池內(nei)上清(qing)液約1/5,注入等量污水。這(zhe)樣就重復了暗曝、靜(jing)沉降(jiang)和進(jin)水三(san)個過程,但(dan)每次(ci)的(de)進(jin)水量都比(bi)上次(ci)增加,暗曝時間(jian)(jian)比(bi)上次(ci)縮短。在春(chun)秋兩季,污泥可以在大約兩到三(san)周內(nei)開始(shi)培養。當曝氣(qi)池混(hun)合(he)液中(zhong)污泥濃度(du)達到1克/升左右時,可進(jin)行連續進(jin)水和曝氣(qi)。 由于初期培養(yang)期污泥(ni)(ni)濃度(du)較(jiao)低,沉淀池內污泥(ni)(ni)積累量(liang)也(ye)較(jiao)小,回(hui)流流量(liang)也(ye)較(jiao)小。此后,隨(sui)著污泥(ni)(ni)量(liang)的增加(jia),回(hui)流污泥(ni)(ni)量(liang)也(ye)相(xiang)應(ying)增加(jia)。當污泥(ni)(ni)濃度(du)達到工藝要(yao)求(qiu)濃度(du)時(shi),即(ji)可開(kai)始正常運(yun)行(xing),并(bing)按工藝要(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)控制。 連續培(pei)菌先向曝(pu)氣(qi)池(chi)內注(zhu)入廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui),然后停止供水(shui)(shui),悶曝(pu)半天至(zhi)⼀天后可連續進水(shui)(shui)。持(chi)續曝(pu)氣(qi),進水(shui)(shui)量(liang)由小變大(da)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增加。連續運(yun)行一段時(shi)間后,活性(xing)污(wu)泥會出現并逐(zhu)漸(jian)增加。當曝(pu)氣(qi)池(chi)中(zhong)的污(wu)泥量(liang)達到本(ben)領域(yu)要(yao)求的濃度時(shi),按照(zhao)本(ben)領域(yu)要(yao)求進行控(kong)制。由于自(zi)然培(pei)菌法是(shi)用廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)直(zhi)接培(pei)養(yang)活性(xing)污(wu)泥,因此培(pei)養(yang)過(guo)(guo)程也是(shi)微生物逐(zhu)漸(jian)適應廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)質并獲得(de)馴(xun)化的過(guo)(guo)程。 2、接種培菌 這種污水處理(li)設備使用的活性污泥培養(yang)方法適用于大(da)部分⼯業廢(fei)水處理(li)廠。城市污水廠如(ru)附近有種泥,也(ye)可采用此法, 以縮(suo)短培養(yang)時間。常用的培養(yang)法有兩種: 濃(nong)縮(suo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥接種培(pei)(pei)菌。利(li)用附(fu)近污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理(li)(li)廠(chang)的濃(nong)縮(suo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥作為(wei)(wei)菌種進(jin)行培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)。城市污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)和工(gong)業廢水(shui)處理(li)(li)系統(tong)中營(ying)養(yang)(yang)完全、毒性(xing)(xing)低的活性(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang),可(ke)直接將種子污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥加入待(dai)處理(li)(li)的污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥中進(jin)行曝曬,直至污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥變成(cheng)棕黃色。污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)可(ke)連(lian)續投加。此時,沉淀(dian)池也投入運行,使污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥在(zai)系統(tong)中循環。為(wei)(wei)了(le)加快栽培(pei)(pei)進(jin)程(cheng),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)栽培(pei)(pei)過程(cheng)中添(tian)加未發(fa)酵的肥(fei)料或其他營(ying)養(yang)(yang)物質。當活性(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥濃(nong)度(du)達(da)到本領域要求時,完成(cheng)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)過程(cheng)。從經濟(ji)角度(du)看,污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥量應盡可(ke)能(neng)少。一(yi)般情況下(xia),混合液稀(xi)釋后(hou)的污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥濃(nong)度(du)應在(zai)0.5g/L以(yi)(yi)上,污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥添(tian)加量(池容(rong))顆粒污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥為(wei)(wei)10-15%,缺氧池為(wei)(wei)20-30%,好氧池為(wei)(wei)30-40%。 干污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)接種(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)菌,污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)通常是指經脫水(shui)機(ji)脫水(shui)后的泥(ni)(ni)餅(bing),其含水(shui)率約為(wei)(wei)(wei)70~80%。本法適(shi)用(yong)于邊遠(yuan)地(di)區和種(zhong)(zhong)子污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)運輸距(ju)離長的地(di)區。污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)接種(zhong)(zhong)細菌的過(guo)程與濃縮污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)基本相同(tong)。接種(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)起飛后應為(wei)(wei)(wei)新鮮泥(ni)(ni)餅(bing),加入(ru)少量(liang)水(shui)后再(zai)加入(ru)曝氣(qi)池搗成泥(ni)(ni)。污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)用(yong)量(liang)一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)池容的2~5%。污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)中可能含有一(yi)定濃度的化學藥劑。如果藥劑含量(liang)過(guo)高,毒性大,不宜作為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)子污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)使用(yong)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)確定污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)是否可用(yong)于接種(zhong)(zhong),可將(jiang)少量(liang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)壓碎并放入(ru)小容器中以增加暴露。一(yi)段時間后,如果泥(ni)(ni)漿變(bian)黃(huang),可以用(yong)來接種(zhong)(zhong)。 |