物理處(chu)理法(fa)

　　通過物理(li)作用分(fen)(fen)離(li)、回收廢(fei)水中不溶(rong)解的呈懸浮狀態(tai)的污染(ran)物（包括油膜和油珠）的廢(fei)水處理(li)法，可分(fen)(fen)為重(zhong)力分(fen)(fen)離(li)法、離(li)心分(fen)(fen)離(li)法和篩濾(lv)截留法等。以(yi)熱交換原理(li)為基礎的處理(li)法也屬于物理(li)處理(li)法。

化(hua)學處理法

　　通過化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)和(he)傳質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)來(lai)分離、去除廢(fei)(fei)水中(zhong)呈溶(rong)解、膠體(ti)狀態的(de)(de)污染物(wu)(wu)或將其(qi)轉化(hua)(hua)為無害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)。在化(hua)(hua)學(xue)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)，以(yi)投加(jia)藥劑產生化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)為基礎(chu)的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)單元(yuan)是(shi)：混凝、中(zhong)和(he)、氧化(hua)(hua)還原等(deng)；而(er)以(yi)傳質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)為基礎(chu)的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)單元(yuan)則有：萃(cui)取、汽提、吹脫、吸附、離子(zi)交換(huan)以(yi)及電滲(shen)析和(he)反(fan)滲(shen)透等(deng)。后兩(liang)種處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)單元(yuan)又合稱為膜分離技術。其(qi)中(zhong)運用(yong)傳質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)單元(yuan)既具有化(hua)(hua)學(xue)作用(yong)，又有與之相關的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)作用(yong)，所(suo)以(yi)也可從化(hua)(hua)學(xue)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)分出來(lai) ，成為另(ling)一類處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)方法(fa)(fa)，稱為物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)法(fa)(fa)。

生物處理(li)法

　　通(tong)過微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)代謝作用(yong)，使廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)中呈溶(rong)液、膠體(ti)以及微(wei)(wei)細懸浮狀態的(de)(de)有機污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)穩(wen)定、無害的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。根據作用(yong)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)不同，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又可分為(wei)需氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和厭(yan)氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)兩(liang)種(zhong)類型(xing)。廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廣泛使用(yong)的(de)(de)是需氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，按傳統，需氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又分為(wei)活性污(wu)泥法(fa)(fa)(fa)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)兩(liang)類。活性污(wu)泥法(fa)(fa)(fa)本身就是一種(zhong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)單元，它有多(duo)種(zhong)運行方式(shi)。屬于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設備(bei)有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濾池(chi)(chi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)轉(zhuan)盤(pan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)接觸氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)以及最近發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流化(hua)(hua)(hua)床等(deng)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)塘(tang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又稱(cheng)自然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa) 。厭(yan)氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，又名生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)還原處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，主要用(yong)于處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)高濃度有機廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)和污(wu)泥。使用(yong)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設備(bei)主要為(wei)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)。