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煤化工廢水的來源與處理作用1.煤化(hua)工廢水來源(yuan) 焦(jiao)化廢水指高溫(wen)狀態下干餾(liu)煉焦(jiao),形(xing)成成分復雜(za)的(de)剩余氨水冷凝液(ye),煤氣(qi)凈化中,及焦(jiao)油交工(gong)等過程(cheng)中產(chan)生的(de)成分復雜(za)的(de)廢水。 氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)廢水指(zhi)爐中(zhong)煤(mei)燃(ran)料(liao)以空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)介(jie)質,可燃(ran)物發生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)反映轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體燃(ran)料(liao),產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)煤(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)洗(xi)滌(di)廢水等氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)廢水。常見(jian)的有加液(ye)態(tai)排(pai)(pai)渣,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流床氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)排(pai)(pai)渣等。液(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)廢水直接液(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)以煤(mei)燃(ran)料(liao)在(zai)爐中(zhong)高溫(wen)高壓狀態(tai)下,使燃(ran)料(liao)有機(ji)高分子(zi)結構轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為低(di)分子(zi)液(ye)體燃(ran)料(liao),間(jian)接液(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)煤(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)合(he)成(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),與(yu)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)作用產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)燃(ran)料(liao)油。 煤(mei)化(hua)工廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)特點是組分復雜,含有(you)(you)大(da)量固(gu)體懸浮顆粒(li),氧,硫化(hua)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),COD值(zhi)與色度(du)高。廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)中污染物(wu)(wu)含量不同。煤(mei)化(hua)工廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的COD值(zhi)在(zai)2000-5000mg/L,氨(an)氮在(zai)200-600mg/L.氰化(hua)物(wu)(wu)在(zai)10-30mg/L,氰化(hua)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)污染物(wu)(wu)濃(nong)度(du)高,存在(zai)多種(zhong)難降(jiang)解的有(you)(you)機物(wu)(wu),加(jia)大(da)了(le)處理(li)難度(du)。 2.廢水處理作用 煤(mei)化(hua)工(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)污染物(wu)危(wei)害性(xing)較大,如(ru)直接排(pai)(pai)放到自然界(jie)會(hui)造成嚴(yan)重的(de)環境污染,煤(mei)化(hua)工(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)含有(you)大量(liang)的(de)有(you)機物(wu),對(dui)土壤(rang)結(jie)構及性(xing)質造成破(po)壞(huai)。廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)有(you)機物(wu)與土壤(rang)中(zhong)其他物(wu)質發生反(fan)應(ying),易生成致(zhi)癌性(xing)質的(de)有(you)機物(wu),如(ru)通過植(zhi)物(wu)進入人體會(hui)嚴(yan)重影響人類(lei)健康。煤(mei)化(hua)工(gong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)直接排(pai)(pai)入河流中(zhong)會(hui)污染周圍水(shui)資源,造成水(shui)中(zhong)生物(wu)滅亡(wang)。破(po)壞(huai)河流的(de)生態系統。 煤氣(qi)化廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回收(shou)產生的(de)污染(ran)物成分復(fu)雜(za),通(tong)常可(ke)選擇對酚(fen)(fen)進行回收(shou)處理,減少酚(fen)(fen)含量,應用(yong)生化技術處理,降低廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理難度,提高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質與資源利用(yong)率。酚(fen)(fen)回收(shou)處理主要(yao)通(tong)過酚(fen)(fen)回收(shou)裝置(zhi)進行溶(rong)劑萃取脫酚(fen)(fen)工藝處理,酚(fen)(fen)溶(rong)解水(shui)(shui)(shui)密(mi)度小于溶(rong)劑,實現酚(fen)(fen)轉移。現常用(yong)溶(rong)劑為二異炳基醚,不需堿反萃取。 水蒸氣(qi)氣(qi)提提取可溶性氣(qi)體,達到分離(li)氨與氣(qi)體氣(qi)體的目的。實現(xian)磷氨再生,將氨進行整(zheng)流,冷凝,經(jing)過對氨回收(shou)處(chu)理廢水濃(nong)度有(you)效降(jiang)低。 |