1電凝聚法(fa)：

利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解氧化鐵屑、鐵板或(huo)鋁(lv)板等(deng)生成Fe2˙Fe3+或(huo)Al3+，再形成Fe(OH)2、Fe(OH)3、Al(OH)3等(deng)沉(chen)淀物，通(tong)過絮(xu)凝、沉(chen)降去(qu)除水中污染物。電(dian)(dian)(dian)凝聚(ju)法的(de)最新研究方向是周期(qi)換向的(de)脈沖信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)凝聚(ju)，既具備(bei)高壓脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)凝聚(ju)法的(de)優點，又由于(yu)兩極(ji)均可溶，更有(you)利(li)于(yu)金屬(shu)離(li)子與(yu)膠體間(jian)的(de)絮(xu)凝作用(yong)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)鈍化。

2磁電解(jie)法：

在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解槽外加磁場(chang)構成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解體(ti)系(xi)對重金(jin)屬廢(fei)水進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解的過(guo)程。其(qi)機理是重金(jin)屬廢(fei)水在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解時(shi)離子(zi)受到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)力和磁場(chang)力的共同作(zuo)用(yong)，使其(qi)離子(zi)運(yun)動軌跡(ji)復(fu)雜化并降低濃差極化，促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解過(guo)程的傳質和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應，提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解效率。磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解技術常常和其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學處理工藝相結(jie)合，以提(ti)高(gao)處理效果(guo)。

3電滲析法：

在(zai)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)，利用陰(yin)離子(zi)(zi)或(huo)陽離子(zi)(zi)交換膜對溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)陰(yin)、陽離子(zi)(zi)進行選(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)透過，使陰(yin)、陽離子(zi)(zi)定向(xiang)遷移，從而實現水(shui)體中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)溶(rong)質與水(shui)分離。是(shi)(shi)一項比較成熟的(de)膜分離技術，可處(chu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)、冶金(jin)工業廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)及其他含銅、鉻離子(zi)(zi)的(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲析在(zai)運轉過程中(zhong)(zhong)，兩極(ji)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)腐蝕物(wu)聚集，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增(zeng)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耗隨之增(zeng)加，所以(yi)必須向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)室通入較大流(liu)量的(de)水(shui)以(yi)排除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)反應產生(sheng)的(de)腐蝕物(wu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲析可分為單(dan)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲析、雙極(ji)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲析。傳(chuan)統的(de)單(dan)機性(xing)(xing)膜存在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)耐久性(xing)(xing)欠佳(jia)及易(yi)發生(sheng)堵(du)槽等不足(zu)，因此目前研究熱點(dian)是(shi)(shi)雙極(ji)性(xing)(xing)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)滲析。將雙極(ji)性(xing)(xing)膜與單(dan)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)膜組合，是(shi)(shi)重金(jin)屬廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)處(chu)理工藝未來發展的(de)新(xin)方向(xiang)。

4電還原法：

用于(yu)重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬廢(fei)水處理(li)(li)屬于(yu)陰極(ji)還原法。其機理(li)(li)為(wei)陽極(ji)采用惰性電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，對廢(fei)水進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)解，重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬離子在(zai)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)引力的(de)作用下，向陰極(ji)遷移，從(cong)(cong)而在(zai)陰極(ji)表面(mian)發生沉積。該法技能去除(chu)溶液中的(de)重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬離子，又能從(cong)(cong)廢(fei)水中回收(shou)高純度(du)重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬。但(dan)一般(ban)重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬廢(fei)水濃度(du)低，采用傳統二維(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度(du)小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解效率低，電(dian)(dian)(dian)耗(hao)大。因此，傳質問題也成為(wei)要(yao)解決的(de)難點，各類高效傳質的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應(ying)器也成為(wei)研究重(zhong)點。針對普通平板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還原較慢的(de)缺點，固定床、流(liu)化床、四級連續流(liu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應(ying)器已成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)還原法的(de)研究方向。

5內電解(jie)法：

又稱微電解(jie)。其(qi)機(ji)理是在(zai)電解(jie)槽中填充活(huo)性填料，當廢(fei)水通過(guo)電解(jie)槽時(shi)，以廢(fei)水為電解(jie)質(zhi)媒介，活(huo)性填料就形成了原電池，通過(guo)填料表面發(fa)生的(de)電化學反應(ying)和絮凝作(zuo)用達(da)到凈化廢(fei)水的(de)目的(de)。在(zai)微電解(jie)工藝中，常(chang)用反應(ying)材料為鐵(tie)屑(鑄鐵(tie)屑、鋼鐵(tie)屑)或鋁鐵(tie)屑加入石墨(mo)或炭粒。探討復(fu)合(he)微電解(jie)技術的(de)反應(ying)機(ji)理、過(guo)程動力學是目前(qian)該領域(yu)的(de)研究重點。

6絡(luo)合—超濾—電解集成技術：

為(wei)滿(man)足(zu)日益嚴格的環保(bao)要求，實現廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)再生回用和重金屬回收，可將電化學(xue)、絡合、超濾等幾(ji)種技(ji)術(shu)集成起(qi)來處理電鍍廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)、重金屬廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)，同時發揮各種技(ji)術(shu)的長處，實現對廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)重金屬離子的最有效去除。