再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)等非常規水(shui)源(yuan)是常規水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)的重要補充，在一些城(cheng)市起(qi)著(zhu)“第二水(shui)源(yuan)”的作用(yong)(yong)。目前，我國再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)利用(yong)(yong)情況如(ru)何？利用(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中存在哪些問(wen)題？如(ru)何推進再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)利用(yong)(yong)？

    “開發(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)(deng)非常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源，可增加水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源供(gong)給、減少污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)放、提高用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效率，對緩(huan)解我國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源供(gong)需矛盾有重要作用(yong)(yong)。”水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)部(bu)全國節(jie)約(yue)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)辦公室綜合協調處處長周哲宇說。2021年，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)部(bu)等(deng)(deng)六部(bu)門(men)聯(lian)合印發(fa)《典(dian)型地區(qu)再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)配(pei)置試(shi)點(dian)方案》。2022年，六部(bu)門(men)公布78個城市再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)配(pei)置試(shi)點(dian)名單。2023年，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)部(bu)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門(men)進行了試(shi)點(dian)中期評估，加快推(tui)進試(shi)點(dian)建設。

    記(ji)者在(zai)試(shi)點城市(shi)(shi)江西九(jiu)江市(shi)(shi)兩河地下污水處(chu)理(li)廠看(kan)到(dao)，城市(shi)(shi)污水、廢水經凈化處(chu)理(li)后，變得比較清澈、沒有異味。這些(xie)再生水部分(fen)用于地面雙溪公園(yuan)景(jing)觀用水，部分(fen)流(liu)入河流(liu)用于生態(tai)補給。

    從(cong)全(quan)國來(lai)看(kan)，我國再生水(shui)(shui)利用(yong)量(liang)近年(nian)來(lai)增長迅速。統計顯(xian)示，2012年(nian)至2022年(nian)，包括再生水(shui)(shui)在內的全(quan)國非常規(gui)水(shui)(shui)源利用(yong)總量(liang)從(cong)47.56億立(li)方(fang)米提高(gao)到175.8億立(li)方(fang)米，占全(quan)國供水(shui)(shui)總量(liang)的比(bi)例從(cong)0.8%提高(gao)到2.9%。

    “總(zong)體上非常規水(shui)源利用(yong)(yong)水(shui)平(ping)仍(reng)然不高，以利用(yong)(yong)量占(zhan)比最大的再生水(shui)為例，2022年(nian)我國城鎮污水(shui)排放量約(yue)754億立方米，再生水(shui)利用(yong)(yong)量為151億立方米，再生水(shui)后續開發利用(yong)(yong)潛力巨大。”周哲(zhe)宇說。

    記(ji)者了解到，根據典型地區再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)配置試(shi)點中期評估結果，部(bu)分試(shi)點城市(shi)在(zai)建設進(jin)(jin)度、政(zheng)策制度、資(zi)金保障等方面(mian)尚(shang)存在(zai)不足。具體(ti)表現為(wei)：資(zi)金籌措壓力大，再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)配套(tao)基礎設施建設任務重，加(jia)上再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝較為(wei)復雜、技術(shu)要求高，工(gong)(gong)程建設投資(zi)資(zi)金需(xu)求大。再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)激勵(li)(li)政(zheng)策不健全，目前引導促進(jin)(jin)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的市(shi)場化機制還較為(wei)缺乏，節水(shui)(shui)獎勵(li)(li)、精(jing)準補(bu)貼和稅費(fei)減免等優惠政(zheng)策有待進(jin)(jin)一步落實。再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的占(zhan)比(bi)不大，從利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)領域看(kan)，再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)已廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)補(bu)水(shui)(shui)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、城市(shi)雜用(yong)(yong)(yong)、農業(ye)灌溉等領域，但主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于河道內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)補(bu)水(shui)(shui)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的比(bi)例并(bing)不大。

（泉州晚報 中國污水處理(li)工程(cheng)網）