電工高手支招漏電保護開關原理
漏電保護開關可以幫(bang)助我(wo)們(men)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路,有時甚至(zhi)能(neng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)我(wo)們(men)人身安全。漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關(guan)的(de)安裝(zhuang)和(he)使(shi)用不可以省(sheng)略。那(nei)么,漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關(guan)原(yuan)理是什么呢(ni)?漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關(guan)接線是如何(he)的(de)呢(ni)?下面電(dian)(dian)工高手(shou)向你支(zhi)招。
一、什么是漏電(dian)保護開關
目(mu)前(qian)根(gen)據市(shi)面(mian)上銷售的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器開(kai)關(guan)的(de)工作原理將其分(fen)(fen)為三(san)大類,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流型以及脈沖型。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護開(kai)關(guan)接(jie)于變壓(ya)器中(zhong)性點和大地間,當(dang)觸點時中(zhong)性點偏移對地面(mian)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),從而(er)起到保護動作切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源,但是(shi)由于它是(shi)對整個配變低壓(ya)網進行保護,所(suo)以不能夠分(fen)(fen)級(ji)保護。
由于停電(dian)(dian)范(fan)圍大(da),動作較為頻繁,目(mu)前(qian)已(yi)經(jing)被淘汰。而脈沖型(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器在發生(sheng)觸電(dian)(dian)時,三(san)相不平衡漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)相位(wei)以(yi)及幅值突然(ran)發生(sheng)了(le)變(bian)化,以(yi)此為動作信(xin)號(hao),目(mu)前(qian)被廣泛(fan)的(de)運用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器上。
二(er)、漏電保護開(kai)關(guan)的(de)種類
1、只是具(ju)有(you)漏電(dian)保(bao)護斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)功(gong)能,使(shi)用時必須(xu)與(yu)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)、熱繼電(dian)器(qi)、過流繼電(dian)器(qi)等保(bao)護元件配(pei)合。
在1的基礎上,同(tong)時具(ju)有過載(zai)保護功能。
在1的基礎上(shang),同時具有過載、短(duan)路保(bao)護功能。
在1的基礎上,同時具有短(duan)路、過負荷(he)、漏電、過壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)功能(neng)。
三(san)、漏電保護開關的動作原理
是在一(yi)個(ge)鐵芯(xin)上有兩個(ge)組:一(yi)個(ge)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)流繞(rao)組和(he)一(yi)個(ge)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流繞(rao)組,當無漏(lou)電(dian)時(shi),輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)流和(he)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流相等(deng),在鐵芯(xin)上二磁通的矢(shi)量和(he)為零,就不會在第三(san)個(ge)繞(rao)組上感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)勢,否則第三(san)繞(rao)組上就會感(gan)應電(dian)壓形(xing)成,經放大去推動執行機構,使開關跳閘。
在(zai)上述UPS前面(mian)加漏電保(bao)護(hu)開關,盡管UPS無漏電現象(xiang),但由(you)于(yu)各次(ci)諧波在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)中形成的磁(ci)通矢量和由(you)于(yu)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)的磁(ci)滯(zhi)作用而不能為(wei)零,于(yu)是就出現了類似漏電的假象(xiang),使漏電保(bao)護(hu)器頻繁跳閘。
四、漏電保護開關的(de)接線
TN系統可以劃分成三種接線方式(shi)即:
TN25系統:整(zheng)個系統的中(zhong)性線與保護線分開連接。
TN 2C系統:整個系統的中性線(xian)與保(bao)護線(xian)是(shi)合一的。
TN 2C2S系(xi)統(tong):整個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)干線部分的(de)前一部分保護線與中性線是(shi)(shi)共(gong)用(yong)的(de), 后一部分是(shi)(shi)分開的(de)。
另外(wai)一(yi)種正確的漏電(dian)保(bao)護開關接線方(fang)式叫TT 系統,指的就是配(pei)電(dian)網低(di)壓側(ce)的中性點直(zhi)(zhi)接接地, 電(dian)氣設備的外(wai)露可導電(dian)部分通過保(bao)護線直(zhi)(zhi)接接地。
漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)開關接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方法不(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)TN還是(shi)(shi)TT,在安裝的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)必須嚴格區分出中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)N和保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)PE,三(san)級四線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)四級式漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)器的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),不(bu)(bu)管其符合側中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有沒有使用,都(dou)應該將電(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鏈接(jie)到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)端口。要求經(jing)過漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)開關的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)得作為(wei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),不(bu)(bu)得重復接(jie)地或(huo)者接(jie)設備外露(lu)可導(dao)電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)接(jie)入(ru)漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)開關。
從漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護開(kai)(kai)關(guan)接線圖中我們可以看(kan)出幾(ji)個漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護開(kai)(kai)關(guan)的接線注意點:
漏(lou)電保護開(kai)關(guan)負(fu)載(zai)側的(de)中性線(xian),不得與其它(ta)回路共(gong)用。
漏(lou)電保護開關標(biao)有負載(zai)側(ce)(ce)和電源側(ce)(ce)時,應該(gai)按照規定安裝接線,不可(ke)以(yi)接反了(le)。
安(an)裝帶有短(duan)路保護(hu)的(de)漏電(dian)保護(hu)開關(guan),必(bi)須(xu)保證(zheng)他在電(dian)弧(hu)噴出方向有足夠(gou)的(de)飛弧(hu)距(ju)離。飛弧(hu)的(de)距(ju)離按照漏電(dian)保護(hu)開關(guan)生(sheng)產廠商的(de)規定安(an)裝。
以上就是小編介紹的漏電保護開關的一些(xie)工作原理和接線方法。更多資訊(xun)請繼續關注(zhu)一起裝修網。
標簽(qian): 水電裝修知識
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