現在家居里面都會有漏電保護器，因為家居中電器的使用越來越多，而電的使用是有一定的危險性的，我們需要漏電保護器來對我們進行一定的保護，那漏電保護器原理是什么，在使用的時候要注意什么呢，以下是一起裝修網小編就護理整理了一套最實(shi)用的措施(shi)。

　　什么是漏電保護器?

　　漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器，簡稱漏(lou)電(dian)開關，又叫漏(lou)電(dian)斷(duan)路器，主要是用(yong)來在設備發生(sheng)漏(lou)電(dian)故(gu)障時以及對有(you)致命(ming)危險的人身觸點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，具有(you)過(guo)載和短(duan)路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)功能，可(ke)用(yong)來保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)線路或電(dian)動機的過(guo)載和短(duan)路，亦可(ke)在正常(chang)情況下作為線路的不頻繁轉換啟動之用(yong)。

　　漏(lou)電保護(hu)器原(yuan)理(li)：

　　漏電保護器主要由(you)三(san)部分組成：檢測元件、中間放大環節、操作(zuo)執行機構。其工(gong)作(zuo)原理是：

　　將漏電保護(hu)器安裝在(zai)線(xian)路中，一次(ci)線(xian)圈(quan)與電網的線(xian)路相連接，二次(ci)線(xian)圈(quan)與漏電保護(hu)器中的脫扣器連接。

　　當用電(dian)設備正(zheng)常運行時，線路中電(dian)流(liu)(liu)呈平衡狀(zhuang)態，互感器中電(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢量之和為零(電(dian)流(liu)(liu)是有(you)(you)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)矢量，如按(an)流(liu)(liu)出的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)為“+”，返回方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)為“-”，在(zai)互感器中往返的(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小(xiao)相等，方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)相反，正(zheng)負相互抵銷(xiao))。由于一次線圈中沒有(you)(you)剩余電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，所(suo)以不會感應(ying)二次線圈，漏(lou)電(dian)保護器的(de)開關裝置處于閉(bi)合狀(zhuang)態運行。

　　當設備外(wai)殼(ke)發生漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)并有人觸及時(shi)，則在故障點產生分(fen)流，此漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流經(jing)人體—大(da)地—工作接地，返回變壓器(qi)(qi)中性點(并未經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)(qi))，致使互感器(qi)(qi)申(shen)流入、流出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流出現了不平衡(heng)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)流矢量之和不為零)，一次(ci)線圈申(shen)產生剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。因(yin)此，便會感應二(er)次(ci)線圈，當這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)達(da)到該漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)限(xian)定的動作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)時(shi)，自動開關脫扣，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

      漏電保護器原理圖(tu)：

　　漏電保護器(qi)使用注意事(shi)項：

　　1、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)適用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)性點(dian)(dian)直接接地(di)(di)或經過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)接地(di)(di)的(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。 對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)性點(dian)(dian)不接地(di)(di)的(de)(de)系統(tong)，則不宜(yi)采用(yong)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)。 因為后者(zhe)不能(neng)構成泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu)，即(ji)(ji)使(shi)發生(sheng)了接地(di)(di)故(gu)障，產生(sheng)了大于(yu)或等于(yu)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額定動作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，該保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)也不能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)動作切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu);或者(zhe)依靠人體接能(neng)故(gu)障點(dian)(dian)去構成泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu)，促使(shi)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)動作，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu)。 但是(shi)，這對(dui)人體仍(reng)不安全。 顯而易(yi)見(jian)，必須具備接地(di)(di)裝置的(de)(de)條件，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備發生(sheng)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，且(qie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達(da)到動作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時(shi)(shi)，就能(neng)在(zai)0.1 秒內立即(ji)(ji)跳閘(zha)，切斷了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)主回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)路(lu)。

　　2、漏電保護(hu)器(qi)保護(hu)線(xian)路的工作中性線(xian)N 要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)零序電流互感器(qi)。 否則，在接通(tong)后，就會有一個不平衡電流使(shi)漏電保護(hu)器(qi)產生誤動作。

　　3、接零保(bao)護(hu)線(xian)(xian)(PE) 不準通過零序電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)。 因為保(bao)護(hu)線(xian)(xian)路(PE) 通過零序電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)時(shi)，漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)經PE 保(bao)護(hu)線(xian)(xian)又回穿過零序電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)抵(di)消(xiao)，而(er)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)上檢測不出(chu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值。 在出(chu)現故障時(shi)，造成(cheng)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)不動作，起不到保(bao)護(hu)作用。

　　4、控制回(hui)路的工(gong)作(zuo)中性線(xian)(xian)不能進行重復(fu)接(jie)地(di)(di)。 一(yi)方面，重復(fu)接(jie)地(di)(di)時(shi)，在(zai)正常工(gong)作(zuo)情況下，工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的一(yi)部分經由重復(fu)接(jie)地(di)(di)回(hui)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中性點，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)中會出(chu)現不平(ping)衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。 當不平(ping)衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)達(da)到一(yi)定值時(shi)，漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)便產生誤動(dong)作(zuo);另(ling)一(yi)方面，因故(gu)障(zhang)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，保護線(xian)(xian)上的漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)也可能穿過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的個性線(xian)(xian)回(hui)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中性點，抵消了互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，而使保護器(qi)(qi)拒絕(jue)動(dong)作(zuo)。

　　5、漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器后(hou)面的(de)工作(zuo)中性(xing)線(xian)N 與保護線(xian)(PE) 不(bu)能合(he)并為一體(ti)。 如果二者合(he)并為一體(ti)時，當(dang)出現(xian)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)故障或人體(ti)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)經由電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器回(hui)流(liu)，結(jie)果又雷同(tong)于情(qing)況3 ，造成漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器拒(ju)絕動作(zuo)。

　　6、被(bei)保護的用(yong)(yong)電設(she)備與漏電保護器之間的各線(xian)(xian)互相(xiang)不能(neng)碰接(jie)。 如(ru)果出現線(xian)(xian)間相(xiang)碰或零線(xian)(xian)間相(xiang)交(jiao)接(jie)，會立(li)刻破壞(huai)了(le)零序平(ping)衡(heng)電流值，而引起漏電保護器誤動作(zuo);另外，被(bei)保護的用(yong)(yong)電設(she)備只能(neng)并聯安裝(zhuang)在(zai)漏電保護器之后，接(jie)線(xian)(xian)保證正確(que)，也(ye)不許將用(yong)(yong)電設(she)備接(jie)在(zai)實驗按鈕的接(jie)線(xian)(xian)處(chu)。

　　漏電(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)原理是什么，相信現在(zai)大家(jia)都知道(dao)了，漏電(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)可以在(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)漏電(dian)故障的(de)(de)時候自動跳閘斷電(dian)，對我們的(de)(de)安全有很大的(de)(de)保護(hu)作用(yong)，所以大家(jia)在(zai)進行家(jia)居裝(zhuang)修時一定(ding)不能(neng)少掉(diao)漏電(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)使用(yong)。

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